Actuality. Minerals are irreplaceable components of food ratio of children of any age. They are the components of biological liquids of human organism, they take part in regulation of metabolic processes and maintenance of homeostasis. The deficit of micronutrients negatively effects physical development of children, furthers breaking of metabolic processes, decreases organism’s resistance to unfavorable factors of the environment, and durable time they are not clinically manifested, while provoking formation of chronic somatic disorders [4, 5]. Main way of minerals income is alimentar way, that is why the presence of sufficient number of minerals in food ration is indispensable condition of rational nutrition of children [7, 8].

According to intensive processes of growth and development of child organism and health effect of harmful factors of the environment, sufficient income of calcium is particularly important. It is known, that calcium deficit in children food ration causes breaking of mineralization of bone tissue and teeth formation, increasing of strontium imbibitions up to 30-70% and its accumulation in organism [4, 6].

Aim of the research. The aim of the research is hygienic assessment of mineral composition of food ration of preschoolers of Chernivtsi.

Materials and methods of the research. The investigation of the state of organized nutrition of children at preschool institutions of Chernivtsi was passed using the calculating method by the way of data copy over 10 days from menu-apportionment according to season, then determination of average products quantity per one child per day and comparison with recommended food composition [1].

Determination of mineral content was carried out with the help of our specially developed program based on inquiry tables of Skyrihin I.M. [2] with the following assessment of their accordance to «Standards of physiological needs of population of Ukraine in main nutrients and energy» (1999) [3].

Results of the research and discussion. The nutrition of children in preschool institutions of Chernivtsi is organized according to group principle: practically healthy children of a certain group get similar by its volume and chemical content food corresponding to the average physiological requirements of their organisms in the main nutrients and energy.

Great amount of wheat bread (by 45%) and absence of rye bread was observed in daily children’s diets. Besides that, it was found excelling of amount grains, beans, macaroni (by 37,8%) and confectionery (by 13,3%) in children’s food ration. The amount of milk and cultured milk foods, which are the main sources of minerals, was also less than that of recommended (18,8%). Cultured milk curds and cheese were also less than that of recommended ones (33,3 and 40% respectively). The amount of meat and meat products in preschool institutions was 30% less than it is recommended. Fish and eggs in diets were less as well (24,4 and 40% less respectively).

The analysis of results shows that the amount of calcium in daily children’s diets in all preschool institutions was 15,0-32,6% less than it is recommended (800 mg/day) and on the average it was 629,75± 13,33 mg/day (pict. 1).

Pict. 1. Calcium content (mg) in food ration of children of preschool institutions of Chernivtsi

Magnesium content in food ration was almost twice higher than the standard. Phosphorus and iron content was a little higher than it is recommended (by 12,7-27,5% and 7-22% respectively). Ratio of Са:Р:Мg in daily children’s diets of any preschool institutions did not confirm to optimal. Аnalysis of season dynamics of calcium content (mg) in food ration of preschool institutions of Chernivtsi shoves, that it is the highest in summer (the average 699,79±13,22 mg/day) in rations of all preschool institutions. In autumn it gradually decreases (648,48±17,52 mg/day) up to the smallest indices in winter (550,39±16,05 mg/day). In spring calcium content slightly increases (620,39±19,09 mg/day), in comparison with winter period (рiсt. 2).

Pict. 2. Аnalysis of season dynamics of calcium content (mg) in food ration of children preschool institutions of Chernivtsi

In our opinion the main reasons of calcium deficiency in children’s food ration are the following: •technologic alteration of stuff, which leads to loss of great part of microelements or to its transformation into inactive form (calcium of grains assimilates badly);
• imbalance of food ration by content of main nutritients (excess of animal fats leads to formation of calcium soap);
• increase of consumption of food products, which are high-calorie and poor-micronutrients (white bread, macaroni and confectionery), against the background of limited usage of milk and cheese products.

Conclusions:

1. The food of daily children’s diets in preschool institutions was variable, the order and intervals between meals were kept, as well as the sequence of taking dishes and distribution of energy value.

2. Calcium content in children’s food ration of preschool institutions is lower than that of the recommended norm.

3. The highest calcium content in a daily diet was observed in summer, the lowest content — in winter.

4. Ratio of Са:Р:Мg in daily children’s diets of any preschool institutions did not confirm to optimal.

ЛІТЕРАТУРА

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7. IOM. Dietary Reference Intakes: Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D and Fluoride. Washington DC: National Academy Press. — 1997. — 448 p.

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REFERENCES

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Надійшла до редакції 10.10.2013 р.