L.I. Medved’s Research Center of Preventive Toxicology, Food and Chemical Safety, Ministry of Health, Ukraine (State Enterprise), Kyiv, Ukraine

ABSTRACT. The main direction of development of the world industry of solid household waste (SHW) management is their use to obtain secondary raw materials, as well as the production of thermal and electric energy by incineration. The use of waste as an alternative source of heat and electricity helps to reduce the mass of waste, high incineration temperature guarantees their disinfection and reduction of environmental pollution.
Aim. Assessing the hazard of emissions from solid waste incineration plants to human health.
Materials and Мethods. The object of the research is flue gases emitted during the operation of four units of different capacities for the thermal removal of waste at experimental combustion and stable operation. Sampling of gas emissions was carried out according to standard methods that ensured the measurement of concentrations of hazardous chemicals. Determination of chemical compounds in the samples was carried out by the following methods: nitrogen oxides – by photometry in accordance with MG (Methodological Guidelines) No. 4751-88 of 12.12.1988, sulphur dioxide – photometry in accordance with MG No. 4588-88 of 30.03.1988, hydrogen chloride – photometry according to MG No. 1645-77 of April 18, 1977, the mass concentration of solid particles – by the gravimetric method according to ISO 9096:2003, hydrogen fluoride – according to ISO 15713:2006. Sampling and determination of metal content was carried out according to US EPA Method 29 and ISO 15202:2012. The total concentration of 17 congeners of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDF) was determined according to the US EPA Method 1613.
Results. During the operation of the stationary facility for burning unsorted solid household waste, it was found that the established norms for the total content of PCDD/PCDF, the mass concentration of solid particles, the content of hydrogen fluoride and hydrogen chloride; total content of antimony, arsenic, lead, chromium, cobalt, copper, manganese, nickel, vanadium and their compounds were exceeded. The content of hazardous chemical compounds in air emissions during the operation of facilities for the thermal removal of sorted solid household waste and waste from the agro-industrial complex did not exceed the established hygienic standards for emissions from waste incineration facilities.
Conclusions. Solid waste incineration facilities should be equipped with modern flue gas treatment systems, which should include electric filters, wet or semi-dry scrubbers, a denitrification system, sleeve filters, filters with activated carbon. In Ukraine, when creating its own waste management industry, the best practices accumulated in the EU in the organization and operation of an effective waste management system should be implemented, that is a system for collecting and sorting solid waste and using a thermal method of waste removal as an alternative source of energy.
Keywords: gas emissions, metals, polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans, solid household waste.

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Стаття надійшла до редакції 24 червня 2024р.

The article was received by the editors on June 24, 2024.